Analyzing data is an important life skill... and learning how to do can and should start early in the primary grades. I use the 5 C's of data to help kids learn the process of analyzing data: Create, Collect, Count, Compare, and Communicate. Let's take a closer look at each of these and what it looks like in the K-2 classroom.
Data Anchor Chart
During our 2nd grade math block last year, we talked about analyzing data using the 5 Cs: Create, Collect, Count, Compare, and Communicate. This is just a helpful guide to help kids understand the process of analyzing data. Sometimes we do all of those. Sometimes, we skip to comparing data that's already been created, collected and counted for us. But all of these are important steps that even adults go through to analyze data.
When we talked about this in 2nd grade math, we made the connection to my husband's job. He does data analysis all day every day for Walmart. And many people depend on his analyses to be correct so that they right amount of the right things get on the shelves! :) (no pressure, right??) So, data analysis is a life-long skill that we use as adults.
Here's a look at what our anchor chart looks like. (You can find the template for this here.)
Collect the Data
Collecting data can be as simple as asking "Would you rather?" questions and tallying answers as a class. For group or independent work, I love having hands on tools to help them collect the data. With my 2nd grader last year, we used legos because he's obsessed with lego building right now.
He grabbed a handful of legos, measured them and tallied the results!
Count & Compare the Data
After the data has been collected, we are ready to count and compare the data. When we first work on this, I give the kids the "collected data" so that they can just focus on the counting and comparing. Here's a peek at a graph I've used in kindergarten and first.
Communicate the Results
Once kids have been exposed to "filling in" a variety of data display types, it's time to really focus on analyzing each display type. We talk about how to recognize a pie chart versus a bar graph. We talk about when it would be best to use tallies and when it would be better to use a table or bar graph.
One of the first things we do when focusing on data displays is sort them together.
Then, the kids have a chance to match data displays independently during our guided math hands-on time.
When I first started teaching 15 years ago, phonics and phonics readers had a bit of a bad rap because they weren't as engaging and there was little to no comprehension piece to those phonics readers or decoding words practice.
But why not? Why not add comprehension work along with the decoding practice to give our reading a purpose? It was a no-brainer for me to beef up our decoding work by taking an extra few seconds at the end for comprehension.
Our basic routine is simple. We read the words, highlight the focus sounds and then I ask meaning questions. There are 3 main types of questions that I ask to add that comprehension piece to our decoding routines. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Word meaning I spy
This game works best after decoding a word list. First, we read our decodable words from our digital phonics lessons.
Then, we play I spy. Here's an example with the short decodable word lists we use each day in our digital phonics lessons.
"I spy a word that rhymes with bag." (swag)
"I spy a word with the /sk/ sound." (skip)
"I spy a word that is another word for dot." (spot)
I use I spy questions about sounds, rhyming, definitions, synonyms, antonyms, multiple meaning words and more!
This simple activity is easy to do in any setting with any list and increases kid's critical thinking skills. In order to answer each question, they must be able to understand the question you asked, decode the words again, and figure out the answer to the question.
I've done this using Think-Pair-Share during whole group phonics, or by giving kids dry erase boards to record the correct word in small groups!
Use it in a sentence
This one is self-explanatory. The only difference is that after a decoding word list, I don't say the word. I'll say...
"Turn to your partner and use the first word on the list in a sentence."
For a challenge, ask your kids to use two of the words in the same sentence!
TEACHER TIP: When we share, I ask the person to tell me their partner's sentence for additional accountability, and to practice their listening skills. :)
I like to keep our comprehension work pretty quick and to the point, so we do this orally. But this would make an easy writing task for extension work if you needed a way to tie it in to writing and spelling as well.
Illustrate the Word
There are two ways I like to use this strategy. One way I use this is by having students illustrate a word I call out and they illustrate it on their copy of their decodable words.
Sometimes, it's as simple as...
"Illustrate the word LIP."
Other times, I combine the I spy with the illustrations...
"Circle the word that means fake hair. Illustrate it."
The other way I like to use illustrations is by playing pictionary. I draw the picture and the kids guess the word! This one is super engaging, but is best for a smaller list of 3-5 decodable words so it's not overwhelming to the kids to find the correct word.
If you're looking for decodable word lists you can find the digital ones I've used in these examples in my Super Phonics digital lessons and the printable words lists in my decodable packets!
Vocabulary sometimes gets left out in primary grades because we feel like we have "bigger fish" to fry in getting kids to actually decode and read.
But explicit tier 2 vocabulary instruction needs a place at the table in the Kindergarten, first grade, and second grade classroom too. I love using picture books to teach vocabulary during our whole group reading lessons. It's quick, authentic, and so easy that you can leave it on your sub plans!
You can read about the routines I use in this blog post, but today, I'm answering a question I often get about tier 2 vocabulary words. How do I decide what words to do? Where do the words come from? And what exactly are tier 2 words anyways?
What Are Tier 2 Words?
Before talking about what tier 2 words are, it's important to remember what tier 2 words are NOT. Words can be classified as tier 1, tier 2, or tier 3 words. Tier 2 words are NOT sight words or mortar words. Those are tier 1 words.
Tier 2 words are also NOT academic vocabulary words like herbivore or voting. Those are content specific, tier 3 words.
Tier 2 vocabulary words are those colorful words that make books exciting.
beckon, brilliant, shimmer, chuckle.... just to name a few! Need some more examples? Get a sneak peek at all of the words I use for all 25 books I have lessons for below!
Most quality picture books that are intended for read alouds are full of tier 2 words. You just have to train your eye to look for them.
Now that we can agree on what tier 2 words are, let's talk about how to choose the most effective tier 2 words.
Find A Good, Solid Picture Book
First, before I can think about the wordlist, I need to find the book. In my non-expert opinion, the best book for explicit vocabulary is one that is engaging, has great illustrations, and is one I'm already using for something else!
For example, last year in 2nd grade homeschool, we did a Next Gen Science unit on landforms and talked about erosion. We were already reading this fiction book in science to illustrate erosion cause and effects. And we were also already using it in writing to study the author's craft of descriptive phrases.
So, I decided to look through it and see if I could find enough tier 2 words to make a lesson out of for vocabulary. BAM! Done! We read the book during our reading time and did the vocabulary lesson and then also reread it during science and focused on erosion cause and effects to introduce our STEM challenge. #winning
Another thing to consider is that the reading level of the book. Patterned books like, Brown Bear, Brown Bear are probably not going to work for teaching tier 2 words. Those type of books are going to be full of tier 1 words and not helpful. So, no beginning readers, leveled readers, or repetitive texts for the most part.
On the other hand, content books are not going to be great either. Reading a non-fiction book about erosion would be great during science, but it wouldn't be as helpful when studying tier 2 words because the academic vocabulary, or tier 3 words, would be getting in the way of learning tier 2 words. Instead of being able to critically think about the tier 2 words I choose, kids would get "stopped up" needing to know the content specific words.
A good, solid, fiction story that's engaging and one I'm already using is exactly the kind of book I'm after for explicit tier 2 vocab lessons.
Now then, let's choose some words!
Words Kids Aren't Saying
The first tier 2 words that jump out at me when I'm previewing through a possible picture book are words my students aren't using in everyday conversations.
I go through the book and write down every word that is off the beaten path for my kids to use in classroom conversations.
Maybe my kids say their snack tastes "really good," but not "delicious." Delicious could be a possible tier 2 word to teach. Or, if my group uses delicious, but they don't often say, "scrumptious," then maybe that's the word I write down.
It's important to know that I write down the root word and then teach all variations of the word during the lesson. I also add a checkmark every time I see the word (or a version of it) repeated.
You know your kids best. Listen to their conversations. They are letting you know when they talk which vocabulary words they are most comfortable using. By explicitly teaching tier 2 words, we are increasing their oral language skills and, eventually their reading comprehension and writing style.
Words You Want Kids To Write
Speaking of writing... that's another thing I consider when choosing tier 2 words. Which words do I want to see kids using in their writing?
With that in mind, I go through my list of words for the book I've chosen and mark through any words kids are already using in their writing. This is because I don't always hear kids say all of the words that are in their vocabulary. Our written language is different than our spoken language. We use words in our writing that sometimes we don't have the opportunity to say in casual conversation. Because of this, I know that if kids are correctly using a tier 2 word on my list in their formal writing, then it's a word they have a solid understanding of, even if they don't say it in conversations.
I also star words that I would LOVE to see kids include in their writing the most.
The Most Bang For My Buck
I like to keep my list of words I teach in a vocabulary lesson to somewhere between 3 and 6 words, depending on the time I have to teach, the age group I'm with, and the difficulty of the words.
Usually, when I first make my list of possible words, I have more than that. In my example, I started with 17 words that are unusual to hear my kids using in the classroom.
Then, I marked through words kids already use in their writing and starred words I want kids to use the most.
Now, I'm ready to look over the list again, thinking about the words that are going to give me the most bang for my buck. What do I mean by that?
I'm looking for words that my kids don't use, but if they started using them, there would be a lot of opportunities to use that word.
For example, crest is a great, tier 2 word, but not one my kids would have many opportunities to use in their speaking or writing. But, invade is a word I could totally see them using more, especially boys! :)
I'm also looking for words that we can illustrate well, use in everyday sentences, and have multiple synonyms so that it will strengthen their comprehension and understanding of the word.
Finalizing the List
In the example I've been using with The Tide Is Coming In, I'm for sure using the word "defend" because it was used in the text multiple times.
I also chose fortress, invade, rogue, and deposit because they are unusual words my 2nd grader wasn't saying or writing and I knew he didn't know the full meaning of those words.
Now that I've narrowed my 17 word list down to 5 words, I'm ready to teach! I use Google slides to teach the words whole group (or they can be assigned in Google classroom). And I print out the independent page for some writing practice and reinforcement. You can find this lesson here and all of my Tier 2 lessons already planned and ready to teach here.
Alexander, Who Used to be Rich...
I love this book so much. But honestly, I just love Alexander no matter what book he's in!